The endocrine system is a network of hormone-producing glands such as the pituitary gland, the thyroid gland, the pancreas, the parathyroid glands and the adrenal glands. Read more on Cancer Council Victoria website. What is pancreatic cancer? Find out about the symptoms, causes, treatment options and more. Get the facts from Cancer Council here. Read more on Cancer Council Australia website.
If your child has problems with hormones, growth, diabetes, metabolism or bones, your child might see an endocrinologist. Read more about endocrinologists. Read more on raisingchildren. Thyroid testing should only be requested after a detailed clinical history and targeted physical examination have suggested thyroid problems. Find out more. Thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy has consequences for mother and baby. Potential problems include pre-eclampsia, prematurity and congenital abnormality.
Read more on Australian Prescriber website. Endocrine glands release hormones into the bloodstream. This lets the hormones travel to cells in other parts of the body. The endocrine hormones help control mood, growth and development, the way our organs work, metabolism , and reproduction.
The endocrine system regulates how much of each hormone is released. This can depend on levels of hormones already in the blood, or on levels of other substances in the blood, like calcium.
Many things affect hormone levels, such as stress, infection, and changes in the balance of fluid and minerals in blood. What Are the Parts of the Endocrine System? While many parts of the body make hormones, the major glands that make up the endocrine system are the: hypothalamus pituitary thyroid parathyroids adrenals pineal body the ovaries the testes The pancreas is part of the endocrine system and the digestive system. The pituitary gland makes many hormones, such as: growth hormone, which stimulates the growth of bone and other body tissues and plays a role in the body's handling of nutrients and minerals prolactin pronounced: pro-LAK-tin , which activates milk production in women who are breastfeeding thyrotropin pronounced: thy-ruh-TRO-pin , which stimulates the thyroid gland to make thyroid hormones corticotropin pronounced: kor-tih-ko-TRO-pin , which stimulates the adrenal gland to make certain hormones antidiuretic pronounced: an-ty-dy-uh-REH-tik hormone, which helps control body water balance through its effect on the kidneys oxytocin pronounced: ahk-see-TOE-sin , which triggers the contractions of the uterus that happen during labor The pituitary also secretes endorphins pronounced: en-DOR-fins , chemicals that act on the nervous system and reduce feelings of pain.
The adrenal glands have two parts, each of which makes a set of hormones and has a different function: The outer part is the adrenal cortex. It makes hormones called corticosteroids pronounced: kor-tih-ko-STER-oydz that help control salt and water balance in the body, the body's response to stress, metabolism, the immune system , and sexual development and function.
The inner part is the adrenal medulla pronounced: muh-DUH-luh. It makes catecholamines pronounced: kah-tuh-KO-luh-meenz , such as epinephrine pronounced: eh-puh-NEH-frun. Also called adrenaline, epinephrine increases blood pressure and heart rate when the body is under stress.
To help keep your endocrine system healthy: Get plenty of exercise. Eat a nutritious diet. Go for regular medical checkups.
The Pancreas has two types of cells: exocrine and endocrine cells. The exocrine cells secrete Pancreatic juices which are used in the duodenum as an important part in the digestive system. The endocrine cells are arranged in clusters throughout the Pancreas, these known as Islets of Langerhans. There are three types of endocrine cells; alpha cells which secrete glucagon, beta cells which secrete insulin, and delta cells which inhibit the secretion on glucagon and insulin:.
The adrenal glands resemble small caps perched on top of each kidney. The Adrenal is actually a combination of two glands the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla. The adrenal cortex is essential for life, as opposed to the adrenal medulla which is important but not indispensable.
The anterior pituitary controls the adrenal cortex by secreting the hormone ACTH. All of the secretions of the adrenal cortex are known as steroids, many of which can now be manufactured synthetically.
The adrenal cortex is made up of three layers associated with three classes of hormones:. The Adrenal Medulla is the inner part of the adrenal gland. The hormones secreted effect the structures in the body that are under the control of the sympathetic nervous system, aiding the body to deal with stressful situations such as fright, attack or pursuit.
They are both associated with an increased heart beat, higher blood pressure, and higher blood glucose levels, thus preparing the body for quick action. The gonads consist of ovaries in the female and testes in the male. Options include medications, radioiodine therapy, or surgery.
Graves disease is an autoimmune disorder and common form of hyperthyroidism. In people with Graves disease, the immune system attacks the thyroid, which causes it to produce more thyroid hormone than normal. Like hyperthyroidism, it has many potential causes. Cushing syndrome happens due to high levels of the hormone cortisol. Treatment depends on the cause of the condition and can include medications, radiation therapy, or surgery.
Some symptoms of Addison disease include:. People with diabetes have too much glucose in their blood high blood sugar. There are two types of diabetes: type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Treatment for diabetes can include blood sugar monitoring , insulin therapy , and medications.
Lifestyle changes, such as getting regular exercise and eating a balanced diet, can also help. The endocrine system is a complex collection of glands and organs that helps to regulate various bodily functions. This is accomplished through the release of hormones, or chemical messengers produced by the endocrine system. Hormones like estrogen and testosterone are crucial to your heath, and a hormonal imbalance can cause symptoms like acne and weight gain.
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