This article was submitted to Neuropharmacology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Pharmacology. Received Nov 30; Accepted Mar 5. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author s and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice.
No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract Objective: Traditionally, studies on the non-medical use of pharmaceutical products have focused on controlled substances; e. Keywords: antidepressant misuse, bupropion abuse, venlafaxine dependence, venlafaxine withdrawal, EMA, Yellow Card Scheme, paroxetine, fluoxetine.
Introduction The misuse or abuse of prescription drugs is a recently emerging issue, becoming a reason of public concern Schifano et al. Bupropion and venlafaxine; overview of clinical pharmacological and misusing issues Bupropion is a second-generation AD that acts as a selective inhibitor of catecholamines' noradrenaline and dopamine reuptake, devoid of any serotonergic; antihistamine; or anticholinergic properties Stahl et al. Methods After a formal request to EMA, we were allowed to access and analyze the EV ADRs database, relating to all venlafaxine- and bupropion-related case reports submitted spontaneously up to mid-July ; for a thorough description of the EV database refer to Chiappini and Schifano , Ethics' issues Because of EMA protection of privacy and integrity of individuals, certain data elements e.
Results Out of 20, for bupropion, and 47, for venlafaxine, total number of ADRs, some 2, Open in a separate window. Bupropion ADRs No. Figure 1. Table 3 Reported withdrawal adverse drug reactions for bupropion; fluoxetine; paroxetine; and venlafaxine source: UK-based Yellow Card scheme; — and related PRR computations.
Bupropion Bupropion 6. Fluoxetine 4. Venlafaxine 1. Fluoxetine 7. Limitations Some considerations are needed with respect to the dataset analyzed. Author contributions Both FS and SC conceived the idea of the manuscript, analyzed the data here presented and drafted the manuscript. Conflict of interest statement The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Addictionblog.
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